We also asked half of them to prioritise accuracy and take as much time as they needed while the other half were instructed to work as quickly as possible.
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In our final study, we provided a new set of participants with 15 tips on how to spot fake websites (for instance, check the domain name). They were about 50% less accurate compared to the group who had 20 seconds to decide whether a website was fake or real. We found participants who had less time to judge the credibility of a webpage showed poorer ability to discriminate between real and fake websites. This time we used a new set of participants. So our next step was to give people less time (about 10 seconds compared to 20 seconds in the first experiment) to do the task. Scammers do not want us to carefully evaluate the information but engage emotionally with it. It also tends to engage system one processing rather than system two. Other researchers have found time pressure reduces people’s ability to detect phishing emails. Our results showed higher analytical reasoning ability was linked to a better ability to tell fake and real websites apart. Read More: Email scams are getting more personal – they even fool cybersecurity expertsĪn example of one of the questions in our analytical reasoning test is: “A bat and ball together cost $1.10.
So we used analytical reasoning tasks as a proxy to help us tell whether people are leaning more on system one or two thinking. The ability to perform well on analytical reasoning tasks has been associated with system two but not system one thinking. We know experts rely on system one to make quick decisions. System two is slow, conscious and laborious. People tend to employ two types of information processing – system one and system two. System one is quick, automatic, intuitive and related to our emotions. Afterwards, they also took tests to evaluate their internet knowledge and analytical reasoning. Earlier research has shown analytical reasoning impacts our ability to tell between real and fake news and phishing emails. The number of participants varied, but we had more than 200 in each experiment.Įach study involved asking participants whether they thought the screenshots showed authentic websites or not. In our studies, participants viewed screenshots of real and fake versions of six websites: Amazon, ASOS, Lloyds Bank, the World Health Organisation COVID-19 donation website, PayPal and HMRC.
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We developed a series of experiments to evaluate what factors impact people’s ability to distinguish between real and fake websites. Actually, losses are probably far higher because many cases go unreported.
They caused estimated retail losses of approximately US$380 million (£316 million) in the US in 2022. According to a nonprofit that handles consumer complaints Better Business Bureau, fake websites are one of the leading reported scams. One fraud type many people fall victim to is fake websites (spoof legitimate business or government websites). Cybersecurity company F5 found phishing attacks alone increased by over 200% during the height of the global pandemic, compared to the yearly average. Quick to take advantage of this trend, scammers have since increased the rate and spectrum of online fraud. The COVID lockdowns made us all more reliant on online services such as shopping and banking. As with many legitimate sales, acting fast reduces your ability to think carefully, evaluate information and make a careful decision. In fact, among the various techniques used by scammers, creating a sense of urgency or the need to act or respond quickly is probably the most damaging. Fraudsters always seem to be one step ahead. But our study found there is one simple thing you can do to drastically reduce your chances of losing money to web scams: slow down. Keeping up with the latest digital cons is exhausting.
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